direction. */ define('LANGUAGE_LTR', 0); /** * Language written right to left. Possible value of $language->direction. */ define('LANGUAGE_RTL', 1); /** * Time of the current request in seconds elapsed since the Unix Epoch. * * This differs from $_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME'], which is stored as a float * since PHP 5.4.0. Float timestamps confuse most PHP functions * (including date_create()). * * @see http://php.net/manual/reserved.variables.server.php * @see http://php.net/manual/function.time.php */ define('REQUEST_TIME', (int) $_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME']); /** * Flag for drupal_set_title(); text is not sanitized, so run check_plain(). */ define('CHECK_PLAIN', 0); /** * Flag for drupal_set_title(); text has already been sanitized. */ define('PASS_THROUGH', -1); /** * Signals that the registry lookup cache should be reset. */ define('REGISTRY_RESET_LOOKUP_CACHE', 1); /** * Signals that the registry lookup cache should be written to storage. */ define('REGISTRY_WRITE_LOOKUP_CACHE', 2); /** * Regular expression to match PHP function names. * * @see http://php.net/manual/en/language.functions.php */ define('DRUPAL_PHP_FUNCTION_PATTERN', '[a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*'); /** * Provides a caching wrapper to be used in place of large array structures. * * This class should be extended by systems that need to cache large amounts * of data and have it represented as an array to calling functions. These * arrays can become very large, so ArrayAccess is used to allow different * strategies to be used for caching internally (lazy loading, building caches * over time etc.). This can dramatically reduce the amount of data that needs * to be loaded from cache backends on each request, and memory usage from * static caches of that same data. * * Note that array_* functions do not work with ArrayAccess. Systems using * DrupalCacheArray should use this only internally. If providing API functions * that return the full array, this can be cached separately or returned * directly. However since DrupalCacheArray holds partial content by design, it * should be a normal PHP array or otherwise contain the full structure. * * Note also that due to limitations in PHP prior to 5.3.4, it is impossible to * write directly to the contents of nested arrays contained in this object. * Only writes to the top-level array elements are possible. So if you * previously had set $object['foo'] = array(1, 2, 'bar' => 'baz'), but later * want to change the value of 'bar' from 'baz' to 'foobar', you cannot do so * a targeted write like $object['foo']['bar'] = 'foobar'. Instead, you must * overwrite the entire top-level 'foo' array with the entire set of new * values: $object['foo'] = array(1, 2, 'bar' => 'foobar'). Due to this same * limitation, attempts to create references to any contained data, nested or * otherwise, will fail silently. So $var = &$object['foo'] will not throw an * error, and $var will be populated with the contents of $object['foo'], but * that data will be passed by value, not reference. For more information on * the PHP limitation, see the note in the official PHP documentation at· * http://php.net/manual/en/arrayaccess.offsetget.php on * ArrayAccess::offsetGet(). * * By default, the class accounts for caches where calling functions might * request keys in the array that won't exist even after a cache rebuild. This * prevents situations where a cache rebuild would be triggered over and over * due to a 'missing' item. These cases are stored internally as a value of * NULL. This means that the offsetGet() and offsetExists() methods * must be overridden if caching an array where the top level values can * legitimately be NULL, and where $object->offsetExists() needs to correctly * return (equivalent to array_key_exists() vs. isset()). This should not * be necessary in the majority of cases. * * Classes extending this class must override at least the * resolveCacheMiss() method to have a working implementation. * * offsetSet() is not overridden by this class by default. In practice this * means that assigning an offset via arrayAccess will only apply while the * object is in scope and will not be written back to the persistent cache. * This follows a similar pattern to static vs. persistent caching in * procedural code. Extending classes may wish to alter this behavior, for * example by overriding offsetSet() and adding an automatic call to persist(). * * @see SchemaCache */ abstract class DrupalCacheArray implements ArrayAccess { /** * A cid to pass to cache_set() and cache_get(). */ protected $cid; /** * A bin to pass to cache_set() and cache_get(). */ protected $bin; /** * An array of keys to add to the cache at the end of the request. */ protected $keysToPersist = array(); /** * Storage for the data itself. */ protected $storage = array(); /** * Constructs a DrupalCacheArray object. * * @param $cid * The cid for the array being cached. * @param $bin * The bin to cache the array. */ public function __construct($cid, $bin) { $this->cid = $cid; $this->bin = $bin; if ($cached = cache_get($this->cid, $this->bin)) { $this->storage = $cached->data; } } /** * Implements ArrayAccess::offsetExists(). */ public function offsetExists($offset) { return $this->offsetGet($offset) !== NULL; } /** * Implements ArrayAccess::offsetGet(). */ public function offsetGet($offset) { if (isset($this->storage[$offset]) || array_key_exists($offset, $this->storage)) { return $this->storage[$offset]; } else { return $this->resolveCacheMiss($offset); } } /** * Implements ArrayAccess::offsetSet(). */ public function offsetSet($offset, $value) { $this->storage[$offset] = $value; } /** * Implements ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(). */ public function offsetUnset($offset) { unset($this->storage[$offset]); } /** * Flags an offset value to be written to the persistent cache. * * If a value is assigned to a cache object with offsetSet(), by default it * will not be written to the persistent cache unless it is flagged with this * method. This allows items to be cached for the duration of a request, * without necessarily writing back to the persistent cache at the end. * * @param $offset * The array offset that was request. * @param $persist * Optional boolean to specify whether the offset should be persisted or * not, defaults to TRUE. When called with $persist = FALSE the offset will * be unflagged so that it will not written at the end of the request. */ protected function persist($offset, $persist = TRUE) { $this->keysToPersist[$offset] = $persist; } /** * Resolves a cache miss. * * When an offset is not found in the object, this is treated as a cache * miss. This method allows classes implementing the interface to look up * the actual value and allow it to be cached. * * @param $offset * The offset that was requested. * * @return * The value of the offset, or NULL if no value was found. */ abstract protected function resolveCacheMiss($offset); /** * Writes a value to the persistent cache immediately. * * @param $data * The data to write to the persistent cache. * @param $lock * Whether to acquire a lock before writing to cache. */ protected function set($data, $lock = TRUE) { // Lock cache writes to help avoid stampedes. // To implement locking for cache misses, override __construct(). $lock_name = $this->cid . ':' . $this->bin; if (!$lock || lock_acquire($lock_name)) { if ($cached = cache_get($this->cid, $this->bin)) { $data = $cached->data + $data; } cache_set($this->cid, $data, $this->bin); if ($lock) { lock_release($lock_name); } } } /** * Destructs the DrupalCacheArray object. */ public function __destruct() { $data = array(); foreach ($this->keysToPersist as $offset => $persist) { if ($persist) { $data[$offset] = $this->storage[$offset]; } } if (!empty($data)) { $this->set($data); } } } /** * Starts the timer with the specified name. * * If you start and stop the same timer multiple times, the measured intervals * will be accumulated. * * @param $name * The name of the timer. */ function timer_start($name) { global $timers; $timers[$name]['start'] = microtime(TRUE); $timers[$name]['count'] = isset($timers[$name]['count']) ? ++$timers[$name]['count'] : 1; } /** * Reads the current timer value without stopping the timer. * * @param $name * The name of the timer. * * @return * The current timer value in ms. */ function timer_read($name) { global $timers; if (isset($timers[$name]['start'])) { $stop = microtime(TRUE); $diff = round(($stop - $timers[$name]['start']) * 1000, 2); if (isset($timers[$name]['time'])) { $diff += $timers[$name]['time']; } return $diff; } return $timers[$name]['time']; } /** * Stops the timer with the specified name. * * @param $name * The name of the timer. * * @return * A timer array. The array contains the number of times the timer has been * started and stopped (count) and the accumulated timer value in ms (time). */ function timer_stop($name) { global $timers; if (isset($timers[$name]['start'])) { $stop = microtime(TRUE); $diff = round(($stop - $timers[$name]['start']) * 1000, 2); if (isset($timers[$name]['time'])) { $timers[$name]['time'] += $diff; } else { $timers[$name]['time'] = $diff; } unset($timers[$name]['start']); } return $timers[$name]; } /** * Returns the appropriate configuration directory. * * Returns the configuration path based on the site's hostname, port, and * pathname. Uses find_conf_path() to find the current configuration directory. * See default.settings.php for examples on how the URL is converted to a * directory. * * @param bool $require_settings * Only configuration directories with an existing settings.php file * will be recognized. Defaults to TRUE. During initial installation, * this is set to FALSE so that Drupal can detect a matching directory, * then create a new settings.php file in it. * @param bool $reset * Force a full search for matching directories even if one had been * found previously. Defaults to FALSE. * * @return * The path of the matching directory. * * @see default.settings.php */ function conf_path($require_settings = TRUE, $reset = FALSE) { $conf = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, ''); if ($conf && !$reset) { return $conf; } $confdir = 'sites'; $sites = array(); if (file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/sites.php')) { // This will overwrite $sites with the desired mappings. include(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/sites.php'); } $uri = explode('/', $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] ? $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] : $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']); $server = explode('.', implode('.', array_reverse(explode(':', rtrim($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'], '.'))))); for ($i = count($uri) - 1; $i > 0; $i--) { for ($j = count($server); $j > 0; $j--) { $dir = implode('.', array_slice($server, -$j)) . implode('.', array_slice($uri, 0, $i)); if (isset($sites[$dir]) && file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/' . $sites[$dir])) { $dir = $sites[$dir]; } if (file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/' . $dir . '/settings.php') || (!$require_settings && file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/' . $dir))) { $conf = "$confdir/$dir"; return $conf; } } } $conf = "$confdir/default"; return $conf; } /** * Sets appropriate server variables needed for command line scripts to work. * * This function can be called by command line scripts before bootstrapping * Drupal, to ensure that the page loads with the desired server parameters. * This is because many parts of Drupal assume that they are running in a web * browser and therefore use information from the global PHP $_SERVER variable * that does not get set when Drupal is run from the command line. * * In many cases, the default way in which this function populates the $_SERVER * variable is sufficient, and it can therefore be called without passing in * any input. However, command line scripts running on a multisite installation * (or on any installation that has settings.php stored somewhere other than * the sites/default folder) need to pass in the URL of the site to allow * Drupal to detect the correct location of the settings.php file. Passing in * the 'url' parameter is also required for functions like request_uri() to * return the expected values. * * Most other parameters do not need to be passed in, but may be necessary in * some cases; for example, if Drupal's ip_address() function needs to return * anything but the standard localhost value ('127.0.0.1'), the command line * script should pass in the desired value via the 'REMOTE_ADDR' key. * * @param $variables * (optional) An associative array of variables within $_SERVER that should * be replaced. If the special element 'url' is provided in this array, it * will be used to populate some of the server defaults; it should be set to * the URL of the current page request, excluding any $_GET request but * including the script name (e.g., http://www.example.com/mysite/index.php). * * @see conf_path() * @see request_uri() * @see ip_address() */ function drupal_override_server_variables($variables = array()) { // Allow the provided URL to override any existing values in $_SERVER. if (isset($variables['url'])) { $url = parse_url($variables['url']); if (isset($url['host'])) { $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] = $url['host']; } if (isset($url['path'])) { $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] = $url['path']; } unset($variables['url']); } // Define default values for $_SERVER keys. These will be used if $_SERVER // does not already define them and no other values are passed in to this // function. $defaults = array( 'HTTP_HOST' => 'localhost', 'SCRIPT_NAME' => NULL, 'REMOTE_ADDR' => '127.0.0.1', 'REQUEST_METHOD' => 'GET', 'SERVER_NAME' => NULL, 'SERVER_SOFTWARE' => NULL, 'HTTP_USER_AGENT' => NULL, ); // Replace elements of the $_SERVER array, as appropriate. $_SERVER = $variables + $_SERVER + $defaults; } /** * Initializes the PHP environment. */ function drupal_environment_initialize() { if (!isset($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'])) { $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] = ''; } if (!isset($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL']) || ($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] != 'HTTP/1.0' && $_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] != 'HTTP/1.1')) { $_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] = 'HTTP/1.0'; } if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'])) { // As HTTP_HOST is user input, ensure it only contains characters allowed // in hostnames. See RFC 952 (and RFC 2181). // $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] is lowercased here per specifications. $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] = strtolower($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']); if (!drupal_valid_http_host($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'])) { // HTTP_HOST is invalid, e.g. if containing slashes it may be an attack. header($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] . ' 400 Bad Request'); exit; } } else { // Some pre-HTTP/1.1 clients will not send a Host header. Ensure the key is // defined for E_ALL compliance. $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] = ''; } // When clean URLs are enabled, emulate ?q=foo/bar using REQUEST_URI. It is // not possible to append the query string using mod_rewrite without the B // flag (this was added in Apache 2.2.8), because mod_rewrite unescapes the // path before passing it on to PHP. This is a problem when the path contains // e.g. "&" or "%" that have special meanings in URLs and must be encoded. $_GET['q'] = request_path(); // Enforce E_ALL, but allow users to set levels not part of E_ALL. error_reporting(E_ALL | error_reporting()); // Override PHP settings required for Drupal to work properly. // sites/default/default.settings.php contains more runtime settings. // The .htaccess file contains settings that cannot be changed at runtime. // Don't escape quotes when reading files from the database, disk, etc. ini_set('magic_quotes_runtime', '0'); // Use session cookies, not transparent sessions that puts the session id in // the query string. ini_set('session.use_cookies', '1'); ini_set('session.use_only_cookies', '1'); ini_set('session.use_trans_sid', '0'); // Don't send HTTP headers using PHP's session handler. ini_set('session.cache_limiter', 'none'); // Use httponly session cookies. ini_set('session.cookie_httponly', '1'); // Set sane locale settings, to ensure consistent string, dates, times and // numbers handling. setlocale(LC_ALL, 'C'); } /** * Validates that a hostname (for example $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']) is safe. * * @return * TRUE if only containing valid characters, or FALSE otherwise. */ function drupal_valid_http_host($host) { return preg_match('/^\[?(?:[a-zA-Z0-9-:\]_]+\.?)+$/', $host); } /** * Sets the base URL, cookie domain, and session name from configuration. */ function drupal_settings_initialize() { global $base_url, $base_path, $base_root; // Export these settings.php variables to the global namespace. global $databases, $cookie_domain, $conf, $installed_profile, $update_free_access, $db_url, $db_prefix, $drupal_hash_salt, $is_https, $base_secure_url, $base_insecure_url; $conf = array(); if (file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . conf_path() . '/settings.php')) { include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . conf_path() . '/settings.php'; } $is_https = isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && strtolower($_SERVER['HTTPS']) == 'on'; if (isset($base_url)) { // Parse fixed base URL from settings.php. $parts = parse_url($base_url); $http_protocol = $parts['scheme']; if (!isset($parts['path'])) { $parts['path'] = ''; } $base_path = $parts['path'] . '/'; // Build $base_root (everything until first slash after "scheme://"). $base_root = substr($base_url, 0, strlen($base_url) - strlen($parts['path'])); } else { // Create base URL. $http_protocol = $is_https ? 'https' : 'http'; $base_root = $http_protocol . '://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']; $base_url = $base_root; // $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] can, in contrast to $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'], not // be modified by a visitor. if ($dir = rtrim(dirname($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']), '\/')) { $base_path = $dir; $base_url .= $base_path; $base_path .= '/'; } else { $base_path = '/'; } } $base_secure_url = str_replace('http://', 'https://', $base_url); $base_insecure_url = str_replace('https://', 'http://', $base_url); if ($cookie_domain) { // If the user specifies the cookie domain, also use it for session name. $session_name = $cookie_domain; } else { // Otherwise use $base_url as session name, without the protocol // to use the same session identifiers across HTTP and HTTPS. list( , $session_name) = explode('://', $base_url, 2); // HTTP_HOST can be modified by a visitor, but we already sanitized it // in drupal_settings_initialize(). if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'])) { $cookie_domain = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']; // Strip leading periods, www., and port numbers from cookie domain. $cookie_domain = ltrim($cookie_domain, '.'); if (strpos($cookie_domain, 'www.') === 0) { $cookie_domain = substr($cookie_domain, 4); } $cookie_domain = explode(':', $cookie_domain); $cookie_domain = '.' . $cookie_domain[0]; } } // Per RFC 2109, cookie domains must contain at least one dot other than the // first. For hosts such as 'localhost' or IP Addresses we don't set a cookie domain. if (count(explode('.', $cookie_domain)) > 2 && !is_numeric(str_replace('.', '', $cookie_domain))) { ini_set('session.cookie_domain', $cookie_domain); } // To prevent session cookies from being hijacked, a user can configure the // SSL version of their website to only transfer session cookies via SSL by // using PHP's session.cookie_secure setting. The browser will then use two // separate session cookies for the HTTPS and HTTP versions of the site. So we // must use different session identifiers for HTTPS and HTTP to prevent a // cookie collision. if ($is_https) { ini_set('session.cookie_secure', TRUE); } $prefix = ini_get('session.cookie_secure') ? 'SSESS' : 'SESS'; session_name($prefix . substr(hash('sha256', $session_name), 0, 32)); } /** * Returns and optionally sets the filename for a system resource. * * The filename, whether provided, cached, or retrieved from the database, is * only returned if the file exists. * * This function plays a key role in allowing Drupal's resources (modules * and themes) to be located in different places depending on a site's * configuration. For example, a module 'foo' may legally be be located * in any of these three places: * * modules/foo/foo.module * sites/all/modules/foo/foo.module * sites/example.com/modules/foo/foo.module * * Calling drupal_get_filename('module', 'foo') will give you one of * the above, depending on where the module is located. * * @param $type * The type of the item (i.e. theme, theme_engine, module, profile). * @param $name * The name of the item for which the filename is requested. * @param $filename * The filename of the item if it is to be set explicitly rather * than by consulting the database. * * @return * The filename of the requested item. */ function drupal_get_filename($type, $name, $filename = NULL) { // The location of files will not change during the request, so do not use // drupal_static(). static $files = array(), $dirs = array(); // Profiles are a special case: they have a fixed location and naming. if ($type == 'profile') { $profile_filename = "profiles/$name/$name.profile"; $files[$type][$name] = file_exists($profile_filename) ? $profile_filename : FALSE; } if (!isset($files[$type])) { $files[$type] = array(); } if (!empty($filename) && file_exists($filename)) { $files[$type][$name] = $filename; } elseif (isset($files[$type][$name])) { // nothing } // Verify that we have an active database connection, before querying // the database. This is required because this function is called both // before we have a database connection (i.e. during installation) and // when a database connection fails. else { try { if (function_exists('db_query')) { $file = db_query("SELECT filename FROM {system} WHERE name = :name AND type = :type", array(':name' => $name, ':type' => $type))->fetchField(); if (file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $file)) { $files[$type][$name] = $file; } } } catch (Exception $e) { // The database table may not exist because Drupal is not yet installed, // or the database might be down. We have a fallback for this case so we // hide the error completely. } // Fallback to searching the filesystem if the database could not find the // file or the file returned by the database is not found. if (!isset($files[$type][$name])) { // We have a consistent directory naming: modules, themes... $dir = $type . 's'; if ($type == 'theme_engine') { $dir = 'themes/engines'; $extension = 'engine'; } elseif ($type == 'theme') { $extension = 'info'; } else { $extension = $type; } if (!isset($dirs[$dir][$extension])) { $dirs[$dir][$extension] = TRUE; if (!function_exists('drupal_system_listing')) { require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/common.inc'; } // Scan the appropriate directories for all files with the requested // extension, not just the file we are currently looking for. This // prevents unnecessary scans from being repeated when this function is // called more than once in the same page request. $matches = drupal_system_listing("/^" . DRUPAL_PHP_FUNCTION_PATTERN . "\.$extension$/", $dir, 'name', 0); foreach ($matches as $matched_name => $file) { $files[$type][$matched_name] = $file->uri; } } } } if (isset($files[$type][$name])) { return $files[$type][$name]; } } /** * Loads the persistent variable table. * * The variable table is composed of values that have been saved in the table * with variable_set() as well as those explicitly specified in the * configuration file. */ function variable_initialize($conf = array()) { // NOTE: caching the variables improves performance by 20% when serving // cached pages. if ($cached = cache_get('variables', 'cache_bootstrap')) { $variables = $cached->data; } else { // Cache miss. Avoid a stampede. $name = 'variable_init'; if (!lock_acquire($name, 1)) { // Another request is building the variable cache. // Wait, then re-run this function. lock_wait($name); return variable_initialize($conf); } else { // Proceed with variable rebuild. $variables = array_map('unserialize', db_query('SELECT name, value FROM {variable}')->fetchAllKeyed()); cache_set('variables', $variables, 'cache_bootstrap'); lock_release($name); } } foreach ($conf as $name => $value) { $variables[$name] = $value; } return $variables; } /** * Returns a persistent variable. * * Case-sensitivity of the variable_* functions depends on the database * collation used. To avoid problems, always use lower case for persistent * variable names. * * @param $name * The name of the variable to return. * @param $default * The default value to use if this variable has never been set. * * @return * The value of the variable. Unserialization is taken care of as necessary. * * @see variable_del() * @see variable_set() */ function variable_get($name, $default = NULL) { global $conf; return isset($conf[$name]) ? $conf[$name] : $default; } /** * Sets a persistent variable. * * Case-sensitivity of the variable_* functions depends on the database * collation used. To avoid problems, always use lower case for persistent * variable names. * * @param $name * The name of the variable to set. * @param $value * The value to set. This can be any PHP data type; these functions take care * of serialization as necessary. * * @see variable_del() * @see variable_get() */ function variable_set($name, $value) { global $conf; db_merge('variable')->key(array('name' => $name))->fields(array('value' => serialize($value)))->execute(); cache_clear_all('variables', 'cache_bootstrap'); $conf[$name] = $value; } /** * Unsets a persistent variable. * * Case-sensitivity of the variable_* functions depends on the database * collation used. To avoid problems, always use lower case for persistent * variable names. * * @param $name * The name of the variable to undefine. * * @see variable_get() * @see variable_set() */ function variable_del($name) { global $conf; db_delete('variable') ->condition('name', $name) ->execute(); cache_clear_all('variables', 'cache_bootstrap'); unset($conf[$name]); } /** * Retrieves the current page from the cache. * * Note: we do not serve cached pages to authenticated users, or to anonymous * users when $_SESSION is non-empty. $_SESSION may contain status messages * from a form submission, the contents of a shopping cart, or other user- * specific content that should not be cached and displayed to other users. * * @param $check_only * (optional) Set to TRUE to only return whether a previous call found a * cache entry. * * @return * The cache object, if the page was found in the cache, NULL otherwise. */ function drupal_page_get_cache($check_only = FALSE) { global $base_root; static $cache_hit = FALSE; if ($check_only) { return $cache_hit; } if (drupal_page_is_cacheable()) { $cache = cache_get($base_root . request_uri(), 'cache_page'); if ($cache !== FALSE) { $cache_hit = TRUE; } return $cache; } } /** * Determines the cacheability of the current page. * * @param $allow_caching * Set to FALSE if you want to prevent this page to get cached. * * @return * TRUE if the current page can be cached, FALSE otherwise. */ function drupal_page_is_cacheable($allow_caching = NULL) { $allow_caching_static = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, TRUE); if (isset($allow_caching)) { $allow_caching_static = $allow_caching; } return $allow_caching_static && ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'GET' || $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'HEAD') && !drupal_is_cli(); } /** * Invokes a bootstrap hook in all bootstrap modules that implement it. * * @param $hook * The name of the bootstrap hook to invoke. * * @see bootstrap_hooks() */ function bootstrap_invoke_all($hook) { // Bootstrap modules should have been loaded when this function is called, so // we don't need to tell module_list() to reset its internal list (and we // therefore leave the first parameter at its default value of FALSE). We // still pass in TRUE for the second parameter, though; in case this is the // first time during the bootstrap that module_list() is called, we want to // make sure that its internal cache is primed with the bootstrap modules // only. foreach (module_list(FALSE, TRUE) as $module) { drupal_load('module', $module); module_invoke($module, $hook); } } /** * Includes a file with the provided type and name. * * This prevents including a theme, engine, module, etc., more than once. * * @param $type * The type of item to load (i.e. theme, theme_engine, module). * @param $name * The name of the item to load. * * @return * TRUE if the item is loaded or has already been loaded. */ function drupal_load($type, $name) { // Once a file is included this can't be reversed during a request so do not // use drupal_static() here. static $files = array(); if (isset($files[$type][$name])) { return TRUE; } $filename = drupal_get_filename($type, $name); if ($filename) { include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $filename; $files[$type][$name] = TRUE; return TRUE; } return FALSE; } /** * Sets an HTTP response header for the current page. * * Note: When sending a Content-Type header, always include a 'charset' type, * too. This is necessary to avoid security bugs (e.g. UTF-7 XSS). * * @param $name * The HTTP header name, or the special 'Status' header name. * @param $value * The HTTP header value; if equal to FALSE, the specified header is unset. * If $name is 'Status', this is expected to be a status code followed by a * reason phrase, e.g. "404 Not Found". * @param $append * Whether to append the value to an existing header or to replace it. */ function drupal_add_http_header($name, $value, $append = FALSE) { // The headers as name/value pairs. $headers = &drupal_static('drupal_http_headers', array()); $name_lower = strtolower($name); _drupal_set_preferred_header_name($name); if ($value === FALSE) { $headers[$name_lower] = FALSE; } elseif (isset($headers[$name_lower]) && $append) { // Multiple headers with identical names may be combined using comma (RFC // 2616, section 4.2). $headers[$name_lower] .= ',' . $value; } else { $headers[$name_lower] = $value; } drupal_send_headers(array($name => $headers[$name_lower]), TRUE); } /** * Gets the HTTP response headers for the current page. * * @param $name * An HTTP header name. If omitted, all headers are returned as name/value * pairs. If an array value is FALSE, the header has been unset. * * @return * A string containing the header value, or FALSE if the header has been set, * or NULL if the header has not been set. */ function drupal_get_http_header($name = NULL) { $headers = &drupal_static('drupal_http_headers', array()); if (isset($name)) { $name = strtolower($name); return isset($headers[$name]) ? $headers[$name] : NULL; } else { return $headers; } } /** * Sets the preferred name for the HTTP header. * * Header names are case-insensitive, but for maximum compatibility they should * follow "common form" (see RFC 2617, section 4.2). */ function _drupal_set_preferred_header_name($name = NULL) { static $header_names = array(); if (!isset($name)) { return $header_names; } $header_names[strtolower($name)] = $name; } /** * Sends the HTTP response headers that were previously set, adding defaults. * * Headers are set in drupal_add_http_header(). Default headers are not set * if they have been replaced or unset using drupal_add_http_header(). * * @param $default_headers * An array of headers as name/value pairs. * @param $single * If TRUE and headers have already be sent, send only the specified header. */ function drupal_send_headers($default_headers = array(), $only_default = FALSE) { $headers_sent = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, FALSE); $headers = drupal_get_http_header(); if ($only_default && $headers_sent) { $headers = array(); } $headers_sent = TRUE; $header_names = _drupal_set_preferred_header_name(); foreach ($default_headers as $name => $value) { $name_lower = strtolower($name); if (!isset($headers[$name_lower])) { $headers[$name_lower] = $value; $header_names[$name_lower] = $name; } } foreach ($headers as $name_lower => $value) { if ($name_lower == 'status') { header($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] . ' ' . $value); } // Skip headers that have been unset. elseif ($value) { header($header_names[$name_lower] . ': ' . $value); } } } /** * Sets HTTP headers in preparation for a page response. * * Authenticated users are always given a 'no-cache' header, and will fetch a * fresh page on every request. This prevents authenticated users from seeing * locally cached pages. * * Also give each page a unique ETag. This will force clients to include both * an If-Modified-Since header and an If-None-Match header when doing * conditional requests for the page (required by RFC 2616, section 13.3.4), * making the validation more robust. This is a workaround for a bug in Mozilla * Firefox that is triggered when Drupal's caching is enabled and the user * accesses Drupal via an HTTP proxy (see * https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=269303): When an authenticated * user requests a page, and then logs out and requests the same page again, * Firefox may send a conditional request based on the page that was cached * locally when the user was logged in. If this page did not have an ETag * header, the request only contains an If-Modified-Since header. The date will * be recent, because with authenticated users the Last-Modified header always * refers to the time of the request. If the user accesses Drupal via a proxy * server, and the proxy already has a cached copy of the anonymous page with an * older Last-Modified date, the proxy may respond with 304 Not Modified, making * the client think that the anonymous and authenticated pageviews are * identical. * * @see drupal_page_set_cache() */ function drupal_page_header() { $headers_sent = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, FALSE); if ($headers_sent) { return TRUE; } $headers_sent = TRUE; $default_headers = array( 'Expires' => 'Sun, 19 Nov 1978 05:00:00 GMT', 'Last-Modified' => gmdate(DATE_RFC1123, REQUEST_TIME), 'Cache-Control' => 'no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0', 'ETag' => '"' . REQUEST_TIME . '"', ); drupal_send_headers($default_headers); } /** * Sets HTTP headers in preparation for a cached page response. * * The headers allow as much as possible in proxies and browsers without any * particular knowledge about the pages. Modules can override these headers * using drupal_add_http_header(). * * If the request is conditional (using If-Modified-Since and If-None-Match), * and the conditions match those currently in the cache, a 304 Not Modified * response is sent. */ function drupal_serve_page_from_cache(stdClass $cache) { // Negotiate whether to use compression. $page_compression = variable_get('page_compression', TRUE) && extension_loaded('zlib'); $return_compressed = $page_compression && isset($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING']) && strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING'], 'gzip') !== FALSE; // Get headers set in hook_boot(). Keys are lower-case. $hook_boot_headers = drupal_get_http_header(); // Headers generated in this function, that may be replaced or unset using // drupal_add_http_headers(). Keys are mixed-case. $default_headers = array(); foreach ($cache->data['headers'] as $name => $value) { // In the case of a 304 response, certain headers must be sent, and the // remaining may not (see RFC 2616, section 10.3.5). Do not override // headers set in hook_boot(). $name_lower = strtolower($name); if (in_array($name_lower, array('content-location', 'expires', 'cache-control', 'vary')) && !isset($hook_boot_headers[$name_lower])) { drupal_add_http_header($name, $value); unset($cache->data['headers'][$name]); } } // If the client sent a session cookie, a cached copy will only be served // to that one particular client due to Vary: Cookie. Thus, do not set // max-age > 0, allowing the page to be cached by external proxies, when a // session cookie is present unless the Vary header has been replaced or // unset in hook_boot(). $max_age = !isset($_COOKIE[session_name()]) || isset($hook_boot_headers['vary']) ? variable_get('page_cache_maximum_age', 0) : 0; $default_headers['Cache-Control'] = 'public, max-age=' . $max_age; // Entity tag should change if the output changes. $etag = '"' . $cache->created . '-' . intval($return_compressed) . '"'; header('Etag: ' . $etag); // See if the client has provided the required HTTP headers. $if_modified_since = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']) ? strtotime($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']) : FALSE; $if_none_match = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) ? stripslashes($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) : FALSE; if ($if_modified_since && $if_none_match && $if_none_match == $etag // etag must match && $if_modified_since == $cache->created) { // if-modified-since must match header($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] . ' 304 Not Modified'); drupal_send_headers($default_headers); return; } // Send the remaining headers. foreach ($cache->data['headers'] as $name => $value) { drupal_add_http_header($name, $value); } $default_headers['Last-Modified'] = gmdate(DATE_RFC1123, $cache->created); // HTTP/1.0 proxies does not support the Vary header, so prevent any caching // by sending an Expires date in the past. HTTP/1.1 clients ignores the // Expires header if a Cache-Control: max-age= directive is specified (see RFC // 2616, section 14.9.3). $default_headers['Expires'] = 'Sun, 19 Nov 1978 05:00:00 GMT'; drupal_send_headers($default_headers); // Allow HTTP proxies to cache pages for anonymous users without a session // cookie. The Vary header is used to indicates the set of request-header // fields that fully determines whether a cache is permitted to use the // response to reply to a subsequent request for a given URL without // revalidation. If a Vary header has been set in hook_boot(), it is assumed // that the module knows how to cache the page. if (!isset($hook_boot_headers['vary']) && !variable_get('omit_vary_cookie')) { header('Vary: Cookie'); } if ($page_compression) { header('Vary: Accept-Encoding', FALSE); // If page_compression is enabled, the cache contains gzipped data. if ($return_compressed) { // $cache->data['body'] is already gzip'ed, so make sure // zlib.output_compression does not compress it once more. ini_set('zlib.output_compression', '0'); header('Content-Encoding: gzip'); } else { // The client does not support compression, so unzip the data in the // cache. Strip the gzip header and run uncompress. $cache->data['body'] = gzinflate(substr(substr($cache->data['body'], 10), 0, -8)); } } // Print the page. print $cache->data['body']; } /** * Defines the critical hooks that force modules to always be loaded. */ function bootstrap_hooks() { return array('boot', 'exit', 'watchdog', 'language_init'); } /** * Unserializes and appends elements from a serialized string. * * @param $obj * The object to which the elements are appended. * @param $field * The attribute of $obj whose value should be unserialized. */ function drupal_unpack($obj, $field = 'data') { if ($obj->$field && $data = unserialize($obj->$field)) { foreach ($data as $key => $value) { if (!empty($key) && !isset($obj->$key)) { $obj->$key = $value; } } } return $obj; } /** * Translates a string to the current language or to a given language. * * The t() function serves two purposes. First, at run-time it translates * user-visible text into the appropriate language. Second, various mechanisms * that figure out what text needs to be translated work off t() -- the text * inside t() calls is added to the database of strings to be translated. * These strings are expected to be in English, so the first argument should * always be in English. To enable a fully-translatable site, it is important * that all human-readable text that will be displayed on the site or sent to * a user is passed through the t() function, or a related function. See the * @link http://drupal.org/node/322729 Localization API @endlink pages for * more information, including recommendations on how to break up or not * break up strings for translation. * * You should never use t() to translate variables, such as calling * @code t($text); @endcode, unless the text that the variable holds has been * passed through t() elsewhere (e.g., $text is one of several translated * literal strings in an array). It is especially important never to call * @code t($user_text); @endcode, where $user_text is some text that a user * entered - doing that can lead to cross-site scripting and other security * problems. However, you can use variable substitution in your string, to put * variable text such as user names or link URLs into translated text. Variable * substitution looks like this: * @code * $text = t("@name's blog", array('@name' => format_username($account))); * @endcode * Basically, you can put variables like @name into your string, and t() will * substitute their sanitized values at translation time. (See the * Localization API pages referenced above and the documentation of * format_string() for details.) Translators can then rearrange the string as * necessary for the language (e.g., in Spanish, it might be "blog de @name"). * * During the Drupal installation phase, some resources used by t() wil not be * available to code that needs localization. See st() and get_t() for * alternatives. * * @param $string * A string containing the English string to translate. * @param $args * An associative array of replacements to make after translation. Based * on the first character of the key, the value is escaped and/or themed. * See format_string() for details. * @param $options * An associative array of additional options, with the following elements: * - 'langcode' (defaults to the current language): The language code to * translate to a language other than what is used to display the page. * - 'context' (defaults to the empty context): The context the source string * belongs to. * * @return * The translated string. * * @see st() * @see get_t() * @see format_string() * @ingroup sanitization */ function t($string, array $args = array(), array $options = array()) { global $language; static $custom_strings; // Merge in default. if (empty($options['langcode'])) { $options['langcode'] = isset($language->language) ? $language->language : 'en'; } if (empty($options['context'])) { $options['context'] = ''; } // First, check for an array of customized strings. If present, use the array // *instead of* database lookups. This is a high performance way to provide a // handful of string replacements. See settings.php for examples. // Cache the $custom_strings variable to improve performance. if (!isset($custom_strings[$options['langcode']])) { $custom_strings[$options['langcode']] = variable_get('locale_custom_strings_' . $options['langcode'], array()); } // Custom strings work for English too, even if locale module is disabled. if (isset($custom_strings[$options['langcode']][$options['context']][$string])) { $string = $custom_strings[$options['langcode']][$options['context']][$string]; } // Translate with locale module if enabled. elseif ($options['langcode'] != 'en' && function_exists('locale')) { $string = locale($string, $options['context'], $options['langcode']); } if (empty($args)) { return $string; } else { return format_string($string, $args); } } /** * Replaces placeholders with sanitized values in a string. * * @param $string * A string containing placeholders. * @param $args * An associative array of replacements to make. Occurrences in $string of * any key in $args are replaced with the corresponding value, after * sanitization. The sanitization function depends on the first character of * the key: * - !variable: Inserted as is. Use this for text that has already been * sanitized. * - @variable: Escaped to HTML using check_plain(). Use this for anything * displayed on a page on the site. * - %variable: Escaped as a placeholder for user-submitted content using * drupal_placeholder(), which shows up as emphasized text. * * @see t() * @ingroup sanitization */ function format_string($string, array $args = array()) { // Transform arguments before inserting them. foreach ($args as $key => $value) { switch ($key[0]) { case '@': // Escaped only. $args[$key] = check_plain($value); break; case '%': default: // Escaped and placeholder. $args[$key] = drupal_placeholder($value); break; case '!': // Pass-through. } } return strtr($string, $args); } /** * Encodes special characters in a plain-text string for display as HTML. * * Also validates strings as UTF-8 to prevent cross site scripting attacks on * Internet Explorer 6. * * @param $text * The text to be checked or processed. * * @return * An HTML safe version of $text, or an empty string if $text is not * valid UTF-8. * * @see drupal_validate_utf8() * @ingroup sanitization */ function check_plain($text) { return htmlspecialchars($text, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'); } /** * Checks whether a string is valid UTF-8. * * All functions designed to filter input should use drupal_validate_utf8 * to ensure they operate on valid UTF-8 strings to prevent bypass of the * filter. * * When text containing an invalid UTF-8 lead byte (0xC0 - 0xFF) is presented * as UTF-8 to Internet Explorer 6, the program may misinterpret subsequent * bytes. When these subsequent bytes are HTML control characters such as * quotes or angle brackets, parts of the text that were deemed safe by filters * end up in locations that are potentially unsafe; An onerror attribute that * is outside of a tag, and thus deemed safe by a filter, can be interpreted * by the browser as if it were inside the tag. * * The function does not return FALSE for strings containing character codes * above U+10FFFF, even though these are prohibited by RFC 3629. * * @param $text * The text to check. * * @return * TRUE if the text is valid UTF-8, FALSE if not. */ function drupal_validate_utf8($text) { if (strlen($text) == 0) { return TRUE; } // With the PCRE_UTF8 modifier 'u', preg_match() fails silently on strings // containing invalid UTF-8 byte sequences. It does not reject character // codes above U+10FFFF (represented by 4 or more octets), though. return (preg_match('/^./us', $text) == 1); } /** * Returns the equivalent of Apache's $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] variable. * * Because $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] is only available on Apache, we generate an * equivalent using other environment variables. */ function request_uri() { if (isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) { $uri = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']; } else { if (isset($_SERVER['argv'])) { $uri = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] . '?' . $_SERVER['argv'][0]; } elseif (isset($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'])) { $uri = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] . '?' . $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']; } else { $uri = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']; } } // Prevent multiple slashes to avoid cross site requests via the Form API. $uri = '/' . ltrim($uri, '/'); return $uri; } /** * Logs an exception. * * This is a wrapper function for watchdog() which automatically decodes an * exception. * * @param $type * The category to which this message belongs. * @param $exception * The exception that is going to be logged. * @param $message * The message to store in the log. If empty, a text that contains all useful * information about the passed-in exception is used. * @param $variables * Array of variables to replace in the message on display. Defaults to the * return value of drupal_decode_exception(). * @param $severity * The severity of the message, as per RFC 3164. * @param $link * A link to associate with the message. * * @see watchdog() * @see drupal_decode_exception() */ function watchdog_exception($type, Exception $exception, $message = NULL, $variables = array(), $severity = WATCHDOG_ERROR, $link = NULL) { // Use a default value if $message is not set. if (empty($message)) { // The exception message is run through check_plain() by _drupal_decode_exception(). $message = '%type: !message in %function (line %line of %file).'; } // $variables must be an array so that we can add the exception information. if (!is_array($variables)) { $variables = array(); } require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/errors.inc'; $variables += _drupal_decode_exception($exception); watchdog($type, $message, $variables, $severity, $link); } /** * Logs a system message. * * @param $type * The category to which this message belongs. Can be any string, but the * general practice is to use the name of the module calling watchdog(). * @param $message * The message to store in the log. Keep $message translatable * by not concatenating dynamic values into it! Variables in the * message should be added by using placeholder strings alongside * the variables argument to declare the value of the placeholders. * See t() for documentation on how $message and $variables interact. * @param $variables * Array of variables to replace in the message on display or * NULL if message is already translated or not possible to * translate. * @param $severity * The severity of the message; one of the following values as defined in * @link http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3164.html RFC 3164: @endlink * - WATCHDOG_EMERGENCY: Emergency, system is unusable. * - WATCHDOG_ALERT: Alert, action must be taken immediately. * - WATCHDOG_CRITICAL: Critical conditions. * - WATCHDOG_ERROR: Error conditions. * - WATCHDOG_WARNING: Warning conditions. * - WATCHDOG_NOTICE: (default) Normal but significant conditions. * - WATCHDOG_INFO: Informational messages. * - WATCHDOG_DEBUG: Debug-level messages. * @param $link * A link to associate with the message. * * @see watchdog_severity_levels() * @see hook_watchdog() */ function watchdog($type, $message, $variables = array(), $severity = WATCHDOG_NOTICE, $link = NULL) { global $user, $base_root; static $in_error_state = FALSE; // It is possible that the error handling will itself trigger an error. In that case, we could // end up in an infinite loop. To avoid that, we implement a simple static semaphore. if (!$in_error_state && function_exists('module_implements')) { $in_error_state = TRUE; // The user object may not exist in all conditions, so 0 is substituted if needed. $user_uid = isset($user->uid) ? $user->uid : 0; // Prepare the fields to be logged $log_entry = array( 'type' => $type, 'message' => $message, 'variables' => $variables, 'severity' => $severity, 'link' => $link, 'user' => $user, 'uid' => $user_uid, 'request_uri' => $base_root . request_uri(), 'referer' => isset($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] : '', 'ip' => ip_address(), // Request time isn't accurate for long processes, use time() instead. 'timestamp' => time(), ); // Call the logging hooks to log/process the message foreach (module_implements('watchdog') as $module) { module_invoke($module, 'watchdog', $log_entry); } // It is critical that the semaphore is only cleared here, in the parent // watchdog() call (not outside the loop), to prevent recursive execution. $in_error_state = FALSE; } } /** * Sets a message to display to the user. * * Messages are stored in a session variable and displayed in page.tpl.php via * the $messages theme variable. * * Example usage: * @code * drupal_set_message(t('An error occurred and processing did not complete.'), 'error'); * @endcode * * @param string $message * (optional) The translated message to be displayed to the user. For * consistency with other messages, it should begin with a capital letter and * end with a period. * @param string $type * (optional) The message's type. Defaults to 'status'. These values are * supported: * - 'status' * - 'warning' * - 'error' * @param bool $repeat * (optional) If this is FALSE and the message is already set, then the * message won't be repeated. Defaults to TRUE. * * @return array|null * A multidimensional array with keys corresponding to the set message types. * The indexed array values of each contain the set messages for that type. * Or, if there are no messages set, the function returns NULL. * * @see drupal_get_messages() * @see theme_status_messages() */ function drupal_set_message($message = NULL, $type = 'status', $repeat = TRUE) { if ($message) { if (!isset($_SESSION['messages'][$type])) { $_SESSION['messages'][$type] = array(); } if ($repeat || !in_array($message, $_SESSION['messages'][$type])) { $_SESSION['messages'][$type][] = $message; } // Mark this page as being uncacheable. drupal_page_is_cacheable(FALSE); } // Messages not set when DB connection fails. return isset($_SESSION['messages']) ? $_SESSION['messages'] : NULL; } /** * Returns all messages that have been set with drupal_set_message(). * * @param string $type * (optional) Limit the messages returned by type. Defaults to NULL, meaning * all types. These values are supported: * - NULL * - 'status' * - 'warning' * - 'error' * @param bool $clear_queue * (optional) If this is TRUE, the queue will be cleared of messages of the * type specified in the $type parameter. Otherwise the queue will be left * intact. Defaults to TRUE. * * @return array * A multidimensional array with keys corresponding to the set message types. * The indexed array values of each contain the set messages for that type. * The messages returned are limited to the type specified in the $type * parameter. If there are no messages of the specified type, an empty array * is returned. * * @see drupal_set_message() * @see theme_status_messages() */ function drupal_get_messages($type = NULL, $clear_queue = TRUE) { if ($messages = drupal_set_message()) { if ($type) { if ($clear_queue) { unset($_SESSION['messages'][$type]); } if (isset($messages[$type])) { return array($type => $messages[$type]); } } else { if ($clear_queue) { unset($_SESSION['messages']); } return $messages; } } return array(); } /** * Gets the title of the current page. * * The title is displayed on the page and in the title bar. * * @return * The current page's title. */ function drupal_get_title() { $title = drupal_set_title(); // During a bootstrap, menu.inc is not included and thus we cannot provide a title. if (!isset($title) && function_exists('menu_get_active_title')) { $title = check_plain(menu_get_active_title()); } return $title; } /** * Sets the title of the current page. * * The title is displayed on the page and in the title bar. * * @param $title * Optional string value to assign to the page title; or if set to NULL * (default), leaves the current title unchanged. * @param $output * Optional flag - normally should be left as CHECK_PLAIN. Only set to * PASS_THROUGH if you have already removed any possibly dangerous code * from $title using a function like check_plain() or filter_xss(). With this * flag the string will be passed through unchanged. * * @return * The updated title of the current page. */ function drupal_set_title($title = NULL, $output = CHECK_PLAIN) { $stored_title = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); if (isset($title)) { $stored_title = ($output == PASS_THROUGH) ? $title : check_plain($title); } return $stored_title; } /** * Checks to see if an IP address has been blocked. * * Blocked IP addresses are stored in the database by default. However for * performance reasons we allow an override in settings.php. This allows us * to avoid querying the database at this critical stage of the bootstrap if * an administrative interface for IP address blocking is not required. * * @param $ip * IP address to check. * * @return bool * TRUE if access is denied, FALSE if access is allowed. */ function drupal_is_denied($ip) { // Because this function is called on every page request, we first check // for an array of IP addresses in settings.php before querying the // database. $blocked_ips = variable_get('blocked_ips'); $denied = FALSE; if (isset($blocked_ips) && is_array($blocked_ips)) { $denied = in_array($ip, $blocked_ips); } // Only check if database.inc is loaded already. If // $conf['page_cache_without_database'] = TRUE; is set in settings.php, // then the database won't be loaded here so the IPs in the database // won't be denied. However the user asked explicitly not to use the // database and also in this case it's quite likely that the user relies // on higher performance solutions like a firewall. elseif (class_exists('Database', FALSE)) { $denied = (bool)db_query("SELECT 1 FROM {blocked_ips} WHERE ip = :ip", array(':ip' => $ip))->fetchField(); } return $denied; } /** * Handles denied users. * * @param $ip * IP address to check. Prints a message and exits if access is denied. */ function drupal_block_denied($ip) { // Deny access to blocked IP addresses - t() is not yet available. if (drupal_is_denied($ip)) { header($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] . ' 403 Forbidden'); print 'Sorry, ' . check_plain(ip_address()) . ' has been banned.'; exit(); } } /** * Returns a string of highly randomized bytes (over the full 8-bit range). * * This function is better than simply calling mt_rand() or any other built-in * PHP function because it can return a long string of bytes (compared to < 4 * bytes normally from mt_rand()) and uses the best available pseudo-random * source. * * @param $count * The number of characters (bytes) to return in the string. */ function drupal_random_bytes($count) { // $random_state does not use drupal_static as it stores random bytes. static $random_state, $bytes, $php_compatible; // Initialize on the first call. The contents of $_SERVER includes a mix of // user-specific and system information that varies a little with each page. if (!isset($random_state)) { $random_state = print_r($_SERVER, TRUE); if (function_exists('getmypid')) { // Further initialize with the somewhat random PHP process ID. $random_state .= getmypid(); } $bytes = ''; } if (strlen($bytes) < $count) { // PHP versions prior 5.3.4 experienced openssl_random_pseudo_bytes() // locking on Windows and rendered it unusable. if (!isset($php_compatible)) { $php_compatible = version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.3.4', '>='); } // /dev/urandom is available on many *nix systems and is considered the // best commonly available pseudo-random source. if ($fh = @fopen('/dev/urandom', 'rb')) { // PHP only performs buffered reads, so in reality it will always read // at least 4096 bytes. Thus, it costs nothing extra to read and store // that much so as to speed any additional invocations. $bytes .= fread($fh, max(4096, $count)); fclose($fh); } // openssl_random_pseudo_bytes() will find entropy in a system-dependent // way. elseif ($php_compatible && function_exists('openssl_random_pseudo_bytes')) { $bytes .= openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($count - strlen($bytes)); } // If /dev/urandom is not available or returns no bytes, this loop will // generate a good set of pseudo-random bytes on any system. // Note that it may be important that our $random_state is passed // through hash() prior to being rolled into $output, that the two hash() // invocations are different, and that the extra input into the first one - // the microtime() - is prepended rather than appended. This is to avoid // directly leaking $random_state via the $output stream, which could // allow for trivial prediction of further "random" numbers. while (strlen($bytes) < $count) { $random_state = hash('sha256', microtime() . mt_rand() . $random_state); $bytes .= hash('sha256', mt_rand() . $random_state, TRUE); } } $output = substr($bytes, 0, $count); $bytes = substr($bytes, $count); return $output; } /** * Calculates a base-64 encoded, URL-safe sha-256 hmac. * * @param $data * String to be validated with the hmac. * @param $key * A secret string key. * * @return * A base-64 encoded sha-256 hmac, with + replaced with -, / with _ and * any = padding characters removed. */ function drupal_hmac_base64($data, $key) { $hmac = base64_encode(hash_hmac('sha256', $data, $key, TRUE)); // Modify the hmac so it's safe to use in URLs. return strtr($hmac, array('+' => '-', '/' => '_', '=' => '')); } /** * Calculates a base-64 encoded, URL-safe sha-256 hash. * * @param $data * String to be hashed. * * @return * A base-64 encoded sha-256 hash, with + replaced with -, / with _ and * any = padding characters removed. */ function drupal_hash_base64($data) { $hash = base64_encode(hash('sha256', $data, TRUE)); // Modify the hash so it's safe to use in URLs. return strtr($hash, array('+' => '-', '/' => '_', '=' => '')); } /** * Merges multiple arrays, recursively, and returns the merged array. * * This function is similar to PHP's array_merge_recursive() function, but it * handles non-array values differently. When merging values that are not both * arrays, the latter value replaces the former rather than merging with it. * * Example: * @code * $link_options_1 = array('fragment' => 'x', 'attributes' => array('title' => t('X'), 'class' => array('a', 'b'))); * $link_options_2 = array('fragment' => 'y', 'attributes' => array('title' => t('Y'), 'class' => array('c', 'd'))); * * // This results in array('fragment' => array('x', 'y'), 'attributes' => array('title' => array(t('X'), t('Y')), 'class' => array('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'))). * $incorrect = array_merge_recursive($link_options_1, $link_options_2); * * // This results in array('fragment' => 'y', 'attributes' => array('title' => t('Y'), 'class' => array('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'))). * $correct = drupal_array_merge_deep($link_options_1, $link_options_2); * @endcode * * @param ... * Arrays to merge. * * @return * The merged array. * * @see drupal_array_merge_deep_array() */ function drupal_array_merge_deep() { $args = func_get_args(); return drupal_array_merge_deep_array($args); } /** * Merges multiple arrays, recursively, and returns the merged array. * * This function is equivalent to drupal_array_merge_deep(), except the * input arrays are passed as a single array parameter rather than a variable * parameter list. * * The following are equivalent: * - drupal_array_merge_deep($a, $b); * - drupal_array_merge_deep_array(array($a, $b)); * * The following are also equivalent: * - call_user_func_array('drupal_array_merge_deep', $arrays_to_merge); * - drupal_array_merge_deep_array($arrays_to_merge); * * @see drupal_array_merge_deep() */ function drupal_array_merge_deep_array($arrays) { $result = array(); foreach ($arrays as $array) { foreach ($array as $key => $value) { // Renumber integer keys as array_merge_recursive() does. Note that PHP // automatically converts array keys that are integer strings (e.g., '1') // to integers. if (is_integer($key)) { $result[] = $value; } // Recurse when both values are arrays. elseif (isset($result[$key]) && is_array($result[$key]) && is_array($value)) { $result[$key] = drupal_array_merge_deep_array(array($result[$key], $value)); } // Otherwise, use the latter value, overriding any previous value. else { $result[$key] = $value; } } } return $result; } /** * Generates a default anonymous $user object. * * @return Object - the user object. */ function drupal_anonymous_user() { $user = new stdClass(); $user->uid = 0; $user->hostname = ip_address(); $user->roles = array(); $user->roles[DRUPAL_ANONYMOUS_RID] = 'anonymous user'; $user->cache = 0; return $user; } /** * Ensures Drupal is bootstrapped to the specified phase. * * In order to bootstrap Drupal from another PHP script, you can use this code: * @code * define('DRUPAL_ROOT', '/path/to/drupal'); * require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/bootstrap.inc'; * drupal_bootstrap(DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL); * @endcode * * @param $phase * A constant telling which phase to bootstrap to. When you bootstrap to a * particular phase, all earlier phases are run automatically. Possible * values: * - DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_CONFIGURATION: Initializes configuration. * - DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_CACHE: Tries to serve a cached page. * - DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_DATABASE: Initializes the database layer. * - DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_VARIABLES: Initializes the variable system. * - DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_SESSION: Initializes session handling. * - DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_HEADER: Sets up the page header. * - DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_LANGUAGE: Finds out the language of the page. * - DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL: Fully loads Drupal. Validates and fixes input * data. * @param $new_phase * A boolean, set to FALSE if calling drupal_bootstrap from inside a * function called from drupal_bootstrap (recursion). * * @return * The most recently completed phase. */ function drupal_bootstrap($phase = NULL, $new_phase = TRUE) { // Not drupal_static(), because does not depend on any run-time information. static $phases = array( DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_CONFIGURATION, DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_CACHE, DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_DATABASE, DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_VARIABLES, DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_SESSION, DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_HEADER, DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_LANGUAGE, DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL, ); // Not drupal_static(), because the only legitimate API to control this is to // call drupal_bootstrap() with a new phase parameter. static $final_phase; // Not drupal_static(), because it's impossible to roll back to an earlier // bootstrap state. static $stored_phase = -1; // When not recursing, store the phase name so it's not forgotten while // recursing. if ($new_phase) { $final_phase = $phase; } if (isset($phase)) { // Call a phase if it has not been called before and is below the requested // phase. while ($phases && $phase > $stored_phase && $final_phase > $stored_phase) { $current_phase = array_shift($phases); // This function is re-entrant. Only update the completed phase when the // current call actually resulted in a progress in the bootstrap process. if ($current_phase > $stored_phase) { $stored_phase = $current_phase; } switch ($current_phase) { case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_CONFIGURATION: _drupal_bootstrap_configuration(); break; case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_CACHE: _drupal_bootstrap_page_cache(); break; case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_DATABASE: _drupal_bootstrap_database(); break; case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_VARIABLES: _drupal_bootstrap_variables(); break; case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_SESSION: require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . variable_get('session_inc', 'includes/session.inc'); drupal_session_initialize(); break; case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_HEADER: _drupal_bootstrap_page_header(); break; case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_LANGUAGE: drupal_language_initialize(); break; case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL: require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/common.inc'; _drupal_bootstrap_full(); break; } } } return $stored_phase; } /** * Returns the time zone of the current user. */ function drupal_get_user_timezone() { global $user; if (variable_get('configurable_timezones', 1) && $user->uid && $user->timezone) { return $user->timezone; } else { // Ignore PHP strict notice if time zone has not yet been set in the php.ini // configuration. return variable_get('date_default_timezone', @date_default_timezone_get()); } } /** * Provides custom PHP error handling. * * @param $error_level * The level of the error raised. * @param $message * The error message. * @param $filename * The filename that the error was raised in. * @param $line * The line number the error was raised at. * @param $context * An array that points to the active symbol table at the point the error * occurred. */ function _drupal_error_handler($error_level, $message, $filename, $line, $context) { require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/errors.inc'; _drupal_error_handler_real($error_level, $message, $filename, $line, $context); } /** * Provides custom PHP exception handling. * * Uncaught exceptions are those not enclosed in a try/catch block. They are * always fatal: the execution of the script will stop as soon as the exception * handler exits. * * @param $exception * The exception object that was thrown. */ function _drupal_exception_handler($exception) { require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/errors.inc'; try { // Log the message to the watchdog and return an error page to the user. _drupal_log_error(_drupal_decode_exception($exception), TRUE); } catch (Exception $exception2) { // Another uncaught exception was thrown while handling the first one. // If we are displaying errors, then do so with no possibility of a further uncaught exception being thrown. if (error_displayable()) { print '

Additional uncaught exception thrown while handling exception.

'; print '

Original

' . _drupal_render_exception_safe($exception) . '

'; print '

Additional

' . _drupal_render_exception_safe($exception2) . '


'; } } } /** * Sets up the script environment and loads settings.php. */ function _drupal_bootstrap_configuration() { // Set the Drupal custom error handler. set_error_handler('_drupal_error_handler'); set_exception_handler('_drupal_exception_handler'); drupal_environment_initialize(); // Start a page timer: timer_start('page'); // Initialize the configuration, including variables from settings.php. drupal_settings_initialize(); } /** * Attempts to serve a page from the cache. */ function _drupal_bootstrap_page_cache() { global $user; // Allow specifying special cache handlers in settings.php, like // using memcached or files for storing cache information. require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/cache.inc'; foreach (variable_get('cache_backends', array()) as $include) { require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $include; } // Check for a cache mode force from settings.php. if (variable_get('page_cache_without_database')) { $cache_enabled = TRUE; } else { drupal_bootstrap(DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_VARIABLES, FALSE); $cache_enabled = variable_get('cache'); } drupal_block_denied(ip_address()); // If there is no session cookie and cache is enabled (or forced), try // to serve a cached page. if (!isset($_COOKIE[session_name()]) && $cache_enabled) { // Make sure there is a user object because its timestamp will be // checked, hook_boot might check for anonymous user etc. $user = drupal_anonymous_user(); // Get the page from the cache. $cache = drupal_page_get_cache(); // If there is a cached page, display it. if (is_object($cache)) { header('X-Drupal-Cache: HIT'); // Restore the metadata cached with the page. $_GET['q'] = $cache->data['path']; drupal_set_title($cache->data['title'], PASS_THROUGH); date_default_timezone_set(drupal_get_user_timezone()); // If the skipping of the bootstrap hooks is not enforced, call // hook_boot. if (variable_get('page_cache_invoke_hooks', TRUE)) { bootstrap_invoke_all('boot'); } drupal_serve_page_from_cache($cache); // If the skipping of the bootstrap hooks is not enforced, call // hook_exit. if (variable_get('page_cache_invoke_hooks', TRUE)) { bootstrap_invoke_all('exit'); } // We are done. exit; } else { header('X-Drupal-Cache: MISS'); } } } /** * Initializes the database system and registers autoload functions. */ function _drupal_bootstrap_database() { // Redirect the user to the installation script if Drupal has not been // installed yet (i.e., if no $databases array has been defined in the // settings.php file) and we are not already installing. if (empty($GLOBALS['databases']) && !drupal_installation_attempted()) { include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/install.inc'; install_goto('install.php'); } // The user agent header is used to pass a database prefix in the request when // running tests. However, for security reasons, it is imperative that we // validate we ourselves made the request. if ($test_prefix = drupal_valid_test_ua()) { // Set the test run id for use in other parts of Drupal. $test_info = &$GLOBALS['drupal_test_info']; $test_info['test_run_id'] = $test_prefix; $test_info['in_child_site'] = TRUE; foreach ($GLOBALS['databases']['default'] as &$value) { // Extract the current default database prefix. if (!isset($value['prefix'])) { $current_prefix = ''; } elseif (is_array($value['prefix'])) { $current_prefix = $value['prefix']['default']; } else { $current_prefix = $value['prefix']; } // Remove the current database prefix and replace it by our own. $value['prefix'] = array( 'default' => $current_prefix . $test_prefix, ); } } // Initialize the database system. Note that the connection // won't be initialized until it is actually requested. require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/database/database.inc'; // Register autoload functions so that we can access classes and interfaces. // The database autoload routine comes first so that we can load the database // system without hitting the database. That is especially important during // the install or upgrade process. spl_autoload_register('drupal_autoload_class'); spl_autoload_register('drupal_autoload_interface'); } /** * Loads system variables and all enabled bootstrap modules. */ function _drupal_bootstrap_variables() { global $conf; // Initialize the lock system. require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . variable_get('lock_inc', 'includes/lock.inc'); lock_initialize(); // Load variables from the database, but do not overwrite variables set in settings.php. $conf = variable_initialize(isset($conf) ? $conf : array()); // Load bootstrap modules. require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/module.inc'; module_load_all(TRUE); } /** * Invokes hook_boot(), initializes locking system, and sends HTTP headers. */ function _drupal_bootstrap_page_header() { bootstrap_invoke_all('boot'); if (!drupal_is_cli()) { ob_start(); drupal_page_header(); } } /** * Returns the current bootstrap phase for this Drupal process. * * The current phase is the one most recently completed by drupal_bootstrap(). * * @see drupal_bootstrap() */ function drupal_get_bootstrap_phase() { return drupal_bootstrap(); } /** * Returns the test prefix if this is an internal request from SimpleTest. * * @return * Either the simpletest prefix (the string "simpletest" followed by any * number of digits) or FALSE if the user agent does not contain a valid * HMAC and timestamp. */ function drupal_valid_test_ua() { global $drupal_hash_salt; // No reason to reset this. static $test_prefix; if (isset($test_prefix)) { return $test_prefix; } if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) && preg_match("/^(simpletest\d+);(.+);(.+);(.+)$/", $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], $matches)) { list(, $prefix, $time, $salt, $hmac) = $matches; $check_string = $prefix . ';' . $time . ';' . $salt; // We use the salt from settings.php to make the HMAC key, since // the database is not yet initialized and we can't access any Drupal variables. // The file properties add more entropy not easily accessible to others. $key = $drupal_hash_salt . filectime(__FILE__) . fileinode(__FILE__); $time_diff = REQUEST_TIME - $time; // Since we are making a local request a 5 second time window is allowed, // and the HMAC must match. if ($time_diff >= 0 && $time_diff <= 5 && $hmac == drupal_hmac_base64($check_string, $key)) { $test_prefix = $prefix; return $test_prefix; } } $test_prefix = FALSE; return $test_prefix; } /** * Generates a user agent string with a HMAC and timestamp for simpletest. */ function drupal_generate_test_ua($prefix) { global $drupal_hash_salt; static $key; if (!isset($key)) { // We use the salt from settings.php to make the HMAC key, since // the database is not yet initialized and we can't access any Drupal variables. // The file properties add more entropy not easily accessible to others. $key = $drupal_hash_salt . filectime(__FILE__) . fileinode(__FILE__); } // Generate a moderately secure HMAC based on the database credentials. $salt = uniqid('', TRUE); $check_string = $prefix . ';' . time() . ';' . $salt; return $check_string . ';' . drupal_hmac_base64($check_string, $key); } /** * Enables use of the theme system without requiring database access. * * Loads and initializes the theme system for site installs, updates and when * the site is in maintenance mode. This also applies when the database fails. * * @see _drupal_maintenance_theme() */ function drupal_maintenance_theme() { require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/theme.maintenance.inc'; _drupal_maintenance_theme(); } /** * Returns a simple 404 Not Found page. * * If fast 404 pages are enabled, and this is a matching page then print a * simple 404 page and exit. * * This function is called from drupal_deliver_html_page() at the time when a * a normal 404 page is generated, but it can also optionally be called directly * from settings.php to prevent a Drupal bootstrap on these pages. See * documentation in settings.php for the benefits and drawbacks of using this. * * Paths to dynamically-generated content, such as image styles, should also be * accounted for in this function. */ function drupal_fast_404() { $exclude_paths = variable_get('404_fast_paths_exclude', FALSE); if ($exclude_paths && !preg_match($exclude_paths, $_GET['q'])) { $fast_paths = variable_get('404_fast_paths', FALSE); if ($fast_paths && preg_match($fast_paths, $_GET['q'])) { drupal_add_http_header('Status', '404 Not Found'); $fast_404_html = variable_get('404_fast_html', '404 Not Found

Not Found

The requested URL "@path" was not found on this server.

'); // Replace @path in the variable with the page path. print strtr($fast_404_html, array('@path' => check_plain(request_uri()))); exit; } } } /** * Returns TRUE if a Drupal installation is currently being attempted. */ function drupal_installation_attempted() { return defined('MAINTENANCE_MODE') && MAINTENANCE_MODE == 'install'; } /** * Returns the name of the proper localization function. * * get_t() exists to support localization for code that might run during * the installation phase, when some elements of the system might not have * loaded. * * This would include implementations of hook_install(), which could run * during the Drupal installation phase, and might also be run during * non-installation time, such as while installing the module from the the * module administration page. * * Example usage: * @code * $t = get_t(); * $translated = $t('translate this'); * @endcode * * Use t() if your code will never run during the Drupal installation phase. * Use st() if your code will only run during installation and never any other * time. Use get_t() if your code could run in either circumstance. * * @see t() * @see st() * @ingroup sanitization */ function get_t() { static $t; // This is not converted to drupal_static because there is no point in // resetting this as it can not change in the course of a request. if (!isset($t)) { $t = drupal_installation_attempted() ? 'st' : 't'; } return $t; } /** * Initializes all the defined language types. */ function drupal_language_initialize() { $types = language_types(); // Ensure the language is correctly returned, even without multilanguage // support. Also make sure we have a $language fallback, in case a language // negotiation callback needs to do a full bootstrap. // Useful for eg. XML/HTML 'lang' attributes. $default = language_default(); foreach ($types as $type) { $GLOBALS[$type] = $default; } if (drupal_multilingual()) { include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/language.inc'; foreach ($types as $type) { $GLOBALS[$type] = language_initialize($type); } // Allow modules to react on language system initialization in multilingual // environments. bootstrap_invoke_all('language_init'); } } /** * Returns a list of the built-in language types. * * @return * An array of key-values pairs where the key is the language type and the * value is its configurability. */ function drupal_language_types() { return array( LANGUAGE_TYPE_INTERFACE => TRUE, LANGUAGE_TYPE_CONTENT => FALSE, LANGUAGE_TYPE_URL => FALSE, ); } /** * Returns TRUE if there is more than one language enabled. * * @return * TRUE if more than one language is enabled. */ function drupal_multilingual() { // The "language_count" variable stores the number of enabled languages to // avoid unnecessarily querying the database when building the list of // enabled languages on monolingual sites. return variable_get('language_count', 1) > 1; } /** * Returns an array of the available language types. * * @return * An array of all language types where the keys of each are the language type * name and its value is its configurability (TRUE/FALSE). */ function language_types() { return array_keys(variable_get('language_types', drupal_language_types())); } /** * Returns a list of installed languages, indexed by the specified key. * * @param $field * (optional) The field to index the list with. * * @return * An associative array, keyed on the values of $field. * - If $field is 'weight' or 'enabled', the array is nested, with the outer * array's values each being associative arrays with language codes as * keys and language objects as values. * - For all other values of $field, the array is only one level deep, and * the array's values are language objects. */ function language_list($field = 'language') { $languages = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); // Init language list if (!isset($languages)) { if (drupal_multilingual() || module_exists('locale')) { $languages['language'] = db_query('SELECT * FROM {languages} ORDER BY weight ASC, name ASC')->fetchAllAssoc('language'); // Users cannot uninstall the native English language. However, we allow // it to be hidden from the installed languages. Therefore, at least one // other language must be enabled then. if (!$languages['language']['en']->enabled && !variable_get('language_native_enabled', TRUE)) { unset($languages['language']['en']); } } else { // No locale module, so use the default language only. $default = language_default(); $languages['language'][$default->language] = $default; } } // Return the array indexed by the right field if (!isset($languages[$field])) { $languages[$field] = array(); foreach ($languages['language'] as $lang) { // Some values should be collected into an array if (in_array($field, array('enabled', 'weight'))) { $languages[$field][$lang->$field][$lang->language] = $lang; } else { $languages[$field][$lang->$field] = $lang; } } } return $languages[$field]; } /** * Returns the default language used on the site * * @param $property * Optional property of the language object to return */ function language_default($property = NULL) { $language = variable_get('language_default', (object) array('language' => 'en', 'name' => 'English', 'native' => 'English', 'direction' => 0, 'enabled' => 1, 'plurals' => 0, 'formula' => '', 'domain' => '', 'prefix' => '', 'weight' => 0, 'javascript' => '')); return $property ? $language->$property : $language; } /** * Returns the requested URL path of the page being viewed. * * Examples: * - http://example.com/node/306 returns "node/306". * - http://example.com/drupalfolder/node/306 returns "node/306" while * base_path() returns "/drupalfolder/". * - http://example.com/path/alias (which is a path alias for node/306) returns * "path/alias" as opposed to the internal path. * - http://example.com/index.php returns an empty string (meaning: front page). * - http://example.com/index.php?page=1 returns an empty string. * * @return * The requested Drupal URL path. * * @see current_path() */ function request_path() { static $path; if (isset($path)) { return $path; } if (isset($_GET['q']) && is_string($_GET['q'])) { // This is a request with a ?q=foo/bar query string. $_GET['q'] is // overwritten in drupal_path_initialize(), but request_path() is called // very early in the bootstrap process, so the original value is saved in // $path and returned in later calls. $path = $_GET['q']; } elseif (isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) { // This request is either a clean URL, or 'index.php', or nonsense. // Extract the path from REQUEST_URI. $request_path = strtok($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], '?'); $base_path_len = strlen(rtrim(dirname($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']), '\/')); // Unescape and strip $base_path prefix, leaving q without a leading slash. $path = substr(urldecode($request_path), $base_path_len + 1); // If the path equals the script filename, either because 'index.php' was // explicitly provided in the URL, or because the server added it to // $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] even when it wasn't provided in the URL (some // versions of Microsoft IIS do this), the front page should be served. if ($path == basename($_SERVER['PHP_SELF'])) { $path = ''; } } else { // This is the front page. $path = ''; } // Under certain conditions Apache's RewriteRule directive prepends the value // assigned to $_GET['q'] with a slash. Moreover we can always have a trailing // slash in place, hence we need to normalize $_GET['q']. $path = trim($path, '/'); return $path; } /** * Returns a component of the current Drupal path. * * When viewing a page at the path "admin/structure/types", for example, arg(0) * returns "admin", arg(1) returns "structure", and arg(2) returns "types". * * Avoid use of this function where possible, as resulting code is hard to * read. In menu callback functions, attempt to use named arguments. See the * explanation in menu.inc for how to construct callbacks that take arguments. * When attempting to use this function to load an element from the current * path, e.g. loading the node on a node page, use menu_get_object() instead. * * @param $index * The index of the component, where each component is separated by a '/' * (forward-slash), and where the first component has an index of 0 (zero). * @param $path * A path to break into components. Defaults to the path of the current page. * * @return * The component specified by $index, or NULL if the specified component was * not found. If called without arguments, it returns an array containing all * the components of the current path. */ function arg($index = NULL, $path = NULL) { // Even though $arguments doesn't need to be resettable for any functional // reasons (the result of explode() does not depend on any run-time // information), it should be resettable anyway in case a module needs to // free up the memory used by it. // Use the advanced drupal_static() pattern, since this is called very often. static $drupal_static_fast; if (!isset($drupal_static_fast)) { $drupal_static_fast['arguments'] = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); } $arguments = &$drupal_static_fast['arguments']; if (!isset($path)) { $path = $_GET['q']; } if (!isset($arguments[$path])) { $arguments[$path] = explode('/', $path); } if (!isset($index)) { return $arguments[$path]; } if (isset($arguments[$path][$index])) { return $arguments[$path][$index]; } } /** * Returns the IP address of the client machine. * * If Drupal is behind a reverse proxy, we use the X-Forwarded-For header * instead of $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], which would be the IP address of * the proxy server, and not the client's. The actual header name can be * configured by the reverse_proxy_header variable. * * @return * IP address of client machine, adjusted for reverse proxy and/or cluster * environments. */ function ip_address() { $ip_address = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); if (!isset($ip_address)) { $ip_address = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; if (variable_get('reverse_proxy', 0)) { $reverse_proxy_header = variable_get('reverse_proxy_header', 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'); if (!empty($_SERVER[$reverse_proxy_header])) { // If an array of known reverse proxy IPs is provided, then trust // the XFF header if request really comes from one of them. $reverse_proxy_addresses = variable_get('reverse_proxy_addresses', array()); // Turn XFF header into an array. $forwarded = explode(',', $_SERVER[$reverse_proxy_header]); // Trim the forwarded IPs; they may have been delimited by commas and spaces. $forwarded = array_map('trim', $forwarded); // Tack direct client IP onto end of forwarded array. $forwarded[] = $ip_address; // Eliminate all trusted IPs. $untrusted = array_diff($forwarded, $reverse_proxy_addresses); // The right-most IP is the most specific we can trust. $ip_address = array_pop($untrusted); } } } return $ip_address; } /** * @addtogroup schemaapi * @{ */ /** * Gets the schema definition of a table, or the whole database schema. * * The returned schema will include any modifications made by any * module that implements hook_schema_alter(). * * @param $table * The name of the table. If not given, the schema of all tables is returned. * @param $rebuild * If true, the schema will be rebuilt instead of retrieved from the cache. */ function drupal_get_schema($table = NULL, $rebuild = FALSE) { static $schema; if ($rebuild || !isset($table)) { $schema = drupal_get_complete_schema($rebuild); } elseif (!isset($schema)) { $schema = new SchemaCache(); } if (!isset($table)) { return $schema; } if (isset($schema[$table])) { return $schema[$table]; } else { return FALSE; } } /** * Extends DrupalCacheArray to allow for dynamic building of the schema cache. */ class SchemaCache extends DrupalCacheArray { /** * Constructs a SchemaCache object. */ public function __construct() { // Cache by request method. parent::__construct('schema:runtime:' . ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'GET'), 'cache'); } /** * Overrides DrupalCacheArray::resolveCacheMiss(). */ protected function resolveCacheMiss($offset) { $complete_schema = drupal_get_complete_schema(); $value = isset($complete_schema[$offset]) ? $complete_schema[$offset] : NULL; $this->storage[$offset] = $value; $this->persist($offset); return $value; } } /** * Gets the whole database schema. * * The returned schema will include any modifications made by any * module that implements hook_schema_alter(). * * @param $rebuild * If true, the schema will be rebuilt instead of retrieved from the cache. */ function drupal_get_complete_schema($rebuild = FALSE) { static $schema = array(); if (empty($schema) || $rebuild) { // Try to load the schema from cache. if (!$rebuild && $cached = cache_get('schema')) { $schema = $cached->data; } // Otherwise, rebuild the schema cache. else { $schema = array(); // Load the .install files to get hook_schema. // On some databases this function may be called before bootstrap has // been completed, so we force the functions we need to load just in case. if (function_exists('module_load_all_includes')) { // This function can be called very early in the bootstrap process, so // we force the module_list() cache to be refreshed to ensure that it // contains the complete list of modules before we go on to call // module_load_all_includes(). module_list(TRUE); module_load_all_includes('install'); } require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/common.inc'; // Invoke hook_schema for all modules. foreach (module_implements('schema') as $module) { // Cast the result of hook_schema() to an array, as a NULL return value // would cause array_merge() to set the $schema variable to NULL as well. // That would break modules which use $schema further down the line. $current = (array) module_invoke($module, 'schema'); // Set 'module' and 'name' keys for each table, and remove descriptions, // as they needlessly slow down cache_get() for every single request. _drupal_schema_initialize($current, $module); $schema = array_merge($schema, $current); } drupal_alter('schema', $schema); // If the schema is empty, avoid saving it: some database engines require // the schema to perform queries, and this could lead to infinite loops. if (!empty($schema) && (drupal_get_bootstrap_phase() == DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL)) { cache_set('schema', $schema); } if ($rebuild) { cache_clear_all('schema:', 'cache', TRUE); } } } return $schema; } /** * @} End of "addtogroup schemaapi". */ /** * @addtogroup registry * @{ */ /** * Confirms that an interface is available. * * This function is rarely called directly. Instead, it is registered as an * spl_autoload() handler, and PHP calls it for us when necessary. * * @param $interface * The name of the interface to check or load. * * @return * TRUE if the interface is currently available, FALSE otherwise. */ function drupal_autoload_interface($interface) { return _registry_check_code('interface', $interface); } /** * Confirms that a class is available. * * This function is rarely called directly. Instead, it is registered as an * spl_autoload() handler, and PHP calls it for us when necessary. * * @param $class * The name of the class to check or load. * * @return * TRUE if the class is currently available, FALSE otherwise. */ function drupal_autoload_class($class) { return _registry_check_code('class', $class); } /** * Checks for a resource in the registry. * * @param $type * The type of resource we are looking up, or one of the constants * REGISTRY_RESET_LOOKUP_CACHE or REGISTRY_WRITE_LOOKUP_CACHE, which * signal that we should reset or write the cache, respectively. * @param $name * The name of the resource, or NULL if either of the REGISTRY_* constants * is passed in. * * @return * TRUE if the resource was found, FALSE if not. * NULL if either of the REGISTRY_* constants is passed in as $type. */ function _registry_check_code($type, $name = NULL) { static $lookup_cache, $cache_update_needed; if ($type == 'class' && class_exists($name) || $type == 'interface' && interface_exists($name)) { return TRUE; } if (!isset($lookup_cache)) { $lookup_cache = array(); if ($cache = cache_get('lookup_cache', 'cache_bootstrap')) { $lookup_cache = $cache->data; } } // When we rebuild the registry, we need to reset this cache so // we don't keep lookups for resources that changed during the rebuild. if ($type == REGISTRY_RESET_LOOKUP_CACHE) { $cache_update_needed = TRUE; $lookup_cache = NULL; return; } // Called from drupal_page_footer, we write to permanent storage if there // changes to the lookup cache for this request. if ($type == REGISTRY_WRITE_LOOKUP_CACHE) { if ($cache_update_needed) { cache_set('lookup_cache', $lookup_cache, 'cache_bootstrap'); } return; } // $type is either 'interface' or 'class', so we only need the first letter to // keep the cache key unique. $cache_key = $type[0] . $name; if (isset($lookup_cache[$cache_key])) { if ($lookup_cache[$cache_key]) { require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $lookup_cache[$cache_key]; } return (bool) $lookup_cache[$cache_key]; } // This function may get called when the default database is not active, but // there is no reason we'd ever want to not use the default database for // this query. $file = Database::getConnection('default', 'default')->query("SELECT filename FROM {registry} WHERE name = :name AND type = :type", array( ':name' => $name, ':type' => $type, )) ->fetchField(); // Flag that we've run a lookup query and need to update the cache. $cache_update_needed = TRUE; // Misses are valuable information worth caching, so cache even if // $file is FALSE. $lookup_cache[$cache_key] = $file; if ($file) { require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $file; return TRUE; } else { return FALSE; } } /** * Rescans all enabled modules and rebuilds the registry. * * Rescans all code in modules or includes directories, storing the location of * each interface or class in the database. */ function registry_rebuild() { system_rebuild_module_data(); registry_update(); } /** * Updates the registry based on the latest files listed in the database. * * This function should be used when system_rebuild_module_data() does not need * to be called, because it is already known that the list of files in the * {system} table matches those in the file system. * * @return * TRUE if the registry was rebuilt, FALSE if another thread was rebuilding * in parallel and the current thread just waited for completion. * * @see registry_rebuild() */ function registry_update() { // install_system_module() calls module_enable() which calls into this // function during initial system installation, so the lock system is neither // loaded nor does its storage exist yet. $in_installer = drupal_installation_attempted(); if (!$in_installer && !lock_acquire(__FUNCTION__)) { // Another request got the lock, wait for it to finish. lock_wait(__FUNCTION__); return FALSE; } require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/registry.inc'; _registry_update(); if (!$in_installer) { lock_release(__FUNCTION__); } return TRUE; } /** * @} End of "addtogroup registry". */ /** * Provides central static variable storage. * * All functions requiring a static variable to persist or cache data within * a single page request are encouraged to use this function unless it is * absolutely certain that the static variable will not need to be reset during * the page request. By centralizing static variable storage through this * function, other functions can rely on a consistent API for resetting any * other function's static variables. * * Example: * @code * function language_list($field = 'language') { * $languages = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); * if (!isset($languages)) { * // If this function is being called for the first time after a reset, * // query the database and execute any other code needed to retrieve * // information about the supported languages. * ... * } * if (!isset($languages[$field])) { * // If this function is being called for the first time for a particular * // index field, then execute code needed to index the information already * // available in $languages by the desired field. * ... * } * // Subsequent invocations of this function for a particular index field * // skip the above two code blocks and quickly return the already indexed * // information. * return $languages[$field]; * } * function locale_translate_overview_screen() { * // When building the content for the translations overview page, make * // sure to get completely fresh information about the supported languages. * drupal_static_reset('language_list'); * ... * } * @endcode * * In a few cases, a function can have certainty that there is no legitimate * use-case for resetting that function's static variable. This is rare, * because when writing a function, it's hard to forecast all the situations in * which it will be used. A guideline is that if a function's static variable * does not depend on any information outside of the function that might change * during a single page request, then it's ok to use the "static" keyword * instead of the drupal_static() function. * * Example: * @code * function actions_do(...) { * // $stack tracks the number of recursive calls. * static $stack; * $stack++; * if ($stack > variable_get('actions_max_stack', 35)) { * ... * return; * } * ... * $stack--; * } * @endcode * * In a few cases, a function needs a resettable static variable, but the * function is called many times (100+) during a single page request, so * every microsecond of execution time that can be removed from the function * counts. These functions can use a more cumbersome, but faster variant of * calling drupal_static(). It works by storing the reference returned by * drupal_static() in the calling function's own static variable, thereby * removing the need to call drupal_static() for each iteration of the function. * Conceptually, it replaces: * @code * $foo = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); * @endcode * with: * @code * // Unfortunately, this does not work. * static $foo = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); * @endcode * However, the above line of code does not work, because PHP only allows static * variables to be initializied by literal values, and does not allow static * variables to be assigned to references. * - http://php.net/manual/en/language.variables.scope.php#language.variables.scope.static * - http://php.net/manual/en/language.variables.scope.php#language.variables.scope.references * The example below shows the syntax needed to work around both limitations. * For benchmarks and more information, see http://drupal.org/node/619666. * * Example: * @code * function user_access($string, $account = NULL) { * // Use the advanced drupal_static() pattern, since this is called very often. * static $drupal_static_fast; * if (!isset($drupal_static_fast)) { * $drupal_static_fast['perm'] = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); * } * $perm = &$drupal_static_fast['perm']; * ... * } * @endcode * * @param $name * Globally unique name for the variable. For a function with only one static, * variable, the function name (e.g. via the PHP magic __FUNCTION__ constant) * is recommended. For a function with multiple static variables add a * distinguishing suffix to the function name for each one. * @param $default_value * Optional default value. * @param $reset * TRUE to reset a specific named variable, or all variables if $name is NULL. * Resetting every variable should only be used, for example, for running * unit tests with a clean environment. Should be used only though via * function drupal_static_reset() and the return value should not be used in * this case. * * @return * Returns a variable by reference. * * @see drupal_static_reset() */ function &drupal_static($name, $default_value = NULL, $reset = FALSE) { static $data = array(), $default = array(); // First check if dealing with a previously defined static variable. if (isset($data[$name]) || array_key_exists($name, $data)) { // Non-NULL $name and both $data[$name] and $default[$name] statics exist. if ($reset) { // Reset pre-existing static variable to its default value. $data[$name] = $default[$name]; } return $data[$name]; } // Neither $data[$name] nor $default[$name] static variables exist. if (isset($name)) { if ($reset) { // Reset was called before a default is set and yet a variable must be // returned. return $data; } // First call with new non-NULL $name. Initialize a new static variable. $default[$name] = $data[$name] = $default_value; return $data[$name]; } // Reset all: ($name == NULL). This needs to be done one at a time so that // references returned by earlier invocations of drupal_static() also get // reset. foreach ($default as $name => $value) { $data[$name] = $value; } // As the function returns a reference, the return should always be a // variable. return $data; } /** * Resets one or all centrally stored static variable(s). * * @param $name * Name of the static variable to reset. Omit to reset all variables. */ function drupal_static_reset($name = NULL) { drupal_static($name, NULL, TRUE); } /** * Detects whether the current script is running in a command-line environment. */ function drupal_is_cli() { return (!isset($_SERVER['SERVER_SOFTWARE']) && (php_sapi_name() == 'cli' || (is_numeric($_SERVER['argc']) && $_SERVER['argc'] > 0))); } /** * Formats text for emphasized display in a placeholder inside a sentence. * * Used automatically by format_string(). * * @param $text * The text to format (plain-text). * * @return * The formatted text (html). */ function drupal_placeholder($text) { return '' . check_plain($text) . ''; } /** * Registers a function for execution on shutdown. * * Wrapper for register_shutdown_function() that catches thrown exceptions to * avoid "Exception thrown without a stack frame in Unknown". * * @param $callback * The shutdown function to register. * @param ... * Additional arguments to pass to the shutdown function. * * @return * Array of shutdown functions to be executed. * * @see register_shutdown_function() * @ingroup php_wrappers */ function &drupal_register_shutdown_function($callback = NULL) { // We cannot use drupal_static() here because the static cache is reset during // batch processing, which breaks batch handling. static $callbacks = array(); if (isset($callback)) { // Only register the internal shutdown function once. if (empty($callbacks)) { register_shutdown_function('_drupal_shutdown_function'); } $args = func_get_args(); array_shift($args); // Save callback and arguments $callbacks[] = array('callback' => $callback, 'arguments' => $args); } return $callbacks; } /** * Executes registered shutdown functions. */ function _drupal_shutdown_function() { $callbacks = &drupal_register_shutdown_function(); // Set the CWD to DRUPAL_ROOT as it is not guaranteed to be the same as it // was in the normal context of execution. chdir(DRUPAL_ROOT); try { while (list($key, $callback) = each($callbacks)) { call_user_func_array($callback['callback'], $callback['arguments']); } } catch (Exception $exception) { // If we are displaying errors, then do so with no possibility of a further uncaught exception being thrown. require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/errors.inc'; if (error_displayable()) { print '

Uncaught exception thrown in shutdown function.

'; print '

' . _drupal_render_exception_safe($exception) . '


'; } } }